Magnetically bioprinted three dimensional scaffold-free liver model for nanotoxicity studies

Magnetically bioprinted three dimensional scaffold-free liver model for nanotoxicity studies Dipesh Khanal, Fan Zhang,Yang Song, Herman Hau, Dong Fu, Iqbal Ramzan, Weidong Cai, Wojciech Chrzanowski Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia School of Information Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and InformationTechnologies, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Australian Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Introduction Nanoparticles became ‘indispensable’ components of cosmetics, food products, medical imaging systems and therapeutics. Daily consumption of nanoparticles from food, cosmetics and inhalation exceeds 1 mg/kg of body mass for adults and more importantly 2 mg/kg of body mass for kids (few trillions of nanoparticles per day). There is increasing evidence that nanoparticles contribute to the loss of cell function and may be responsible for increase in auto immune disease, asthma and autism incidents. The impact of nanoparticles on overall health and liver which is the primary site of nanoparticle accumulation is still poorly understood. Therefore, there is critical to gain a precise knowledge of the safety of nanoparticles.